|
José Antonio Navarro (February 27, 1795 – January 13, 1871) was a Texas statesman, revolutionary, politician, rancher, and merchant. The son of Ángel Navarro and Josefa María Ruiz y Peña, he was born into a distinguished noble family at San Antonio de Béxar in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (now the American city of San Antonio, Texas). His uncle was José Francisco Ruiz and his brother-in-law was Juan Martín de Veramendi. Navarro County, Texas, established in 1846, is named in his honor, as is the small town of Navarro, Texas.〔Lozano (1985), p. 30.〕 ==Texas patriot== Navarro was proficient in the laws of Mexico and Spain, although basically a self-educated man.〔Lozano (1985), p. 30.〕 A native Texan, he had a vision of the future of Texas like that of Stephen F. Austin, and a lasting friendship developed between the two.〔Todish (1998), p. 107.〕 Working together, they would become the founding fathers of Texas.〔Tovares (2004), PBS American Experience, Remember the Alamo.〕 An early proponent of Texas independence, he took part in the 1812–1813 Magee, Gutiérrez and Toledo resistance movements. Working with the impresarios of the period, he helped Stephen F. Austin obtain his contracts to bring settlers into the area〔Todish (1998), p. 107.〕 He himself became a land commissioner for Dewitt's Colony and, soon after, for the Béxar District. In 1825 Navarro married Margarita de la Garza and they raised seven children. During the early 1830s Navarro represented Texas both in the legislature of the State of Coahuila and Texas and in the federal Congress in Mexico City.〔Edmonson (2000), p. 105.〕 Always a champion of democratic ideas, Navarro, collaborating with Austin, worked to pass legislation that would best benefit the people of Texas.〔Todish (1998), p. 107.〕 Navarro later served as a leader in the Texas Revolution.〔Edmonson (2000), p. 38.〕 He was at the Convention for Texas Independence,〔Matovina (1995), p. 26.〕 when he received the somber news from Juan Seguin, of the Alamo's fall.〔de la Teja (1991), p. 26.〕 With the death of James Bowie (his nephew by marriage), Navarro had to secure the release of the surviving Navarros, two women and a child,〔Groneman (1990), pp. 5, 83.〕 who were being held by the Mexicans at the Músquiz house.〔Matovina (1995), p. 66.〕 They were removed to the Navarro family home.〔Lord (1961), p. 176.〕 The surviving noncombatants 〔Todish (1998), p. 91.〕 thereby avoided humiliation or death from General Antonio López de Santa Anna.〔Matovina (1995), p. 66.〕 Jose Antonio Navarro was one of the original signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence, in early March, 1836, in Washington-on-the-Brazos.〔Brands (2005), p. 382.〕 He later signed the Constitution of the Republic of Texas. In 1841, Navarro reluctantly participated in the ill-conceived Texan Santa Fe Expedition sent by President Mirabeau B. Lamar, where he tried to persuade the residents of New Mexico to secede from Mexico and join with Texas.〔Lozano (1985), p. 31.〕 He was captured, put on trial, sentenced to death, and imprisoned for years.〔de la Teja (1991), p. 101.〕 He was given the option of freedom; but he refused to renounce Texas, remaining a prisoner in Mexico. He finally escaped with the help of sympathetic Mexican Army officials, sailing back to Texas.〔Lozano (1985), p. 32.〕 José Antonio Navarro became a Representative in the Republic of Texas Congress from Bexar County, Texas. Attempting to keep a balance of power, he worked closely with Senator Juan Seguin to promote legislation favorable to the Tejano citizenry, who were quickly becoming the political minority. Education was one such priority, working to bring academic institutions into the San Antonio area.〔de la Teja (1991), p. 34.〕 He supported the annexation of Texas by the United States. In 1845 Navarro was instrumental in drafting the first state Constitution of Texas, ensuring future political rights for all peoples. Elected to the Texas Senate, he served three terms, before retiring from politics in 1849.〔Lozano (1985), p. 32.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「José Antonio Navarro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|